SQL JOIN类型
约定
下文将使用两个数据库表 Table_A 和 Table_B 来进行示例讲解，其结构与数据分别如下：
mysql> SELECT * FROM Table_A ORDER BY PK ASC;
+----+---------+
| PK | Value |
+----+---------+
| 1 | both ab |
| 2 | only a |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from Table_B ORDER BY PK ASC;
+----+---------+
| PK | Value |
+----+---------+
| 1 | both ab |
| 3 | only b |
+----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)其中 PK 为 1 的记录在 Table_A 和 Table_B 中都有，2 为 Table_A 特有，3 为 Table_B 特有。
FULL OUTER JOIN
FULL OUTER JOIN 一般被译作外连接、全连接，实际查询语句中可以写作 FULL OUTER JOIN 或 FULL JOIN。外连接查询能返回左右表里的所有记录，其中左右表里能关联起来的记录被连接后返回。
文氏图：
示例查询：
SELECT A.PK AS A_PK, B.PK AS B_PK,
A.Value AS A_Value, B.Value AS B_Value
FROM Table_A A
FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK;查询结果：
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'FULL OUTER JOIN Table_B B
ON A.PK = B.PK' at line 4注：我当前示例使用的 MySQL 不支持 FULL OUTER JOIN。
应当返回的结果（使用 UNION 模拟）：
mysql> SELECT *
-> FROM Table_A
-> LEFT JOIN Table_B
-> ON Table_A.PK = Table_B.PK
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT *
-> FROM Table_A
-> RIGHT JOIN Table_B
-> ON Table_A.PK = Table_B.PK
-> WHERE Table_A.PK IS NULL;
+------+---------+------+---------+
| PK | Value | PK | Value |
+------+---------+------+---------+
| 1 | both ab | 1 | both ba |
| 2 | only a | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | 3 | only b |
+------+---------+------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
