把MySQL放进docker总共分几步

2020-05-05 13:55:03

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把MySQL放进Docker，总共需要几步？本次就通过社区版容器安装2个mysql实例，看一下部署有多简单。

安装docker

操作系统我使用的Centos7 x64系统,而Docker 目前看仅CentOS 7 及以上版本。本次采用Docker 仓库进行安装，具体步骤如下：

1.1 设置仓库

因本机安装 Docker，所以需要先设置 Docker 仓库，以后的安装可以直接从仓库安装。

 /* 安装所需的软件包 */ yum install -y yum-utils \  device-mapper-persistent-data \  lvm2

使用以下命令来设置稳定的仓库

yum-config-manager \> --add-repo \> https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

1.2 安装Docker Engine-Community

安装新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd

 yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

这一步有的包下载可能比较慢，要耐心等待，如果失败再重新执行几遍。

如果有同学配置了多个 Docker 仓库，而且在 yum install 或 yum update 命令中未指定版本时，则会安装或更新新版本的包，如果对稳定性或版本有要求，则安装时一定要指定特定版本。

1.3 启动docker

经过上述安装后，启动docker服务即可

systemctl start docker

1.4 测试docker 部署是否成功

可以运行经典的hello-world 来测试

可见docker已部署成功并可以正常运行。

把MySQL放进docker

2.1 查看可用的mysql镜像

[root@c7_2 local]# docker search mysqlNAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATEDmysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   9453                [OK]mariadb                           MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS…   3415                [OK]mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   691                                     [OK]centos/mysql-57-centos7           MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   75                                      mysql/mysql-cluster               Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr…   68                                      centurylink/mysql                 Image containing mysql. Optimized to be link…   61                                      [OK]deitch/mysql-backup               REPLACED! Please use http://hub.docker.com/r…   41                                      [OK]bitnami/mysql                     Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      39                                      [OK]tutum/mysql                       Base docker image to run a MySQL database se…   35                                      schickling/mysql-backup-s3        Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic backup…   30                                      [OK]prom/mysqld-exporter                                                              27                                      [OK]linuxserver/mysql                 A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   25                                      centos/mysql-56-centos7           MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   19                                      circleci/mysql                    MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   19                                      databack/mysql-backup             Back up mysql databases to... anywhere!         17                                      mysql/mysql-router                MySQL Router provides transparent routing be…   15                                      arey/mysql-client                 Run a MySQL client from a docker container      14                                      [OK]openshift/mysql-55-centos7        DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 image…   6                                       fradelg/mysql-cron-backup         MySQL/MariaDB database backup using cron tas…   6                                       [OK]genschsa/mysql-employees          MySQL Employee Sample Database                  5                                       [OK]devilbox/mysql                    Retagged MySQL, MariaDB and PerconaDB offici…   3                                       ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb   An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                2                                       [OK]jelastic/mysql                    An image of the MySQL database server mainta…   1                                       widdpim/mysql-client              Dockerized MySQL Client (5.7) including Curl…   0                                       [OK]monasca/mysql-init                A minimal decoupled init container for mysql    0

2.2 部署新版本mysql

拉取新版本mysql，不指定版本默认拉取新版

[root@c7_2 local]# docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/mysql54fec2fa59d0: Pull completebcc6c6145912: Pull complete951c3d959c9d: Pull complete05de4d0e206e: Pull complete319f0394ef42: Pull completed9185034607b: Pull complete013a9c64dadc: Pull complete42f3f7d10903: Pull completec4a3851d9207: Pull complete82a1cc65c182: Pull completea0a6b01efa55: Pull completebca5ce71f9ea: Pull completeDigest: sha256:61a2a33f4b8b4bc93b7b6b9e65e64044aaec594809f818aeffbff69a893d1944Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latestdocker.io/library/mysql:latest

注：拉取镜像的时候容易出现如下超时错误

Error response from daemon: Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

建议修改为国内镜像地址，例如修改为163或阿里云的镜像地址（我采用的是个人阿里镜像的方式，下载速度很理想，基本一分钟内下载完毕）

修改源的方法：

vim /etc/docker/daemon.json/*  添加如下内容 */{  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"，"https://registry.docker-cn.com"]}

使用阿里云镜像需要自己登录到阿里云，配置后复制自己的地址再使用，需要的小伙伴可以联系我获取指引。

2.3 查看已下载的镜像

[root@c7_2 containers]# docker image  ls   #  或使用 docker images 查看REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest a7a67c95e831 7 days ago 541MB hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 4 months ago 13.3kB

2.4 运行mysql容器

[root@c7_2 local]# docker run -di --name=mysql  -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Admin@123  mysql9f6668b5d0292b30308cfc5c6a6b88a34c4d62d9e5c70dff9bfce9f090117968

其中主要参数说明如下：

--name 后面配置容器名
-p代表端口映射, 格式为宿主机映射端口:容器运行端口
-e代表添加环境变量 MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD 是root用户的登陆密码
后的mysql代码容器镜像名

2.5 进入mysql容器

启动成功后，指定进入mysql容器中

[root@c7_2 local]# docker exec -it mysql  /bin/bashroot@9f6668b5d029:/#

在容器内登录mysql

root@9f6668b5d029:/# mysql -u root -p'Admin@123'

结果见如下截图，可以看到部署的是新的MySQL8.0.20版本

注： MySQL8.0 用户的加密组件做了变更，低版本客户端登录会报错。处理的方式有多种，主要的方式有2种：

修改对应用户的密码加密方式
升级客户端或驱动

具体方式可参考 MySQL8.0用户登录那些事

2.6 再部署一个mysql5.7的容器

上面部署的是新版mysql8.0.20,想部署5.7版本该如何部署？其实就是拉取镜像的时候指定选择MySQL5.7版本的即可。具体步骤如下：

拉取mysql5.7版本镜像

[root@c7_2 local]# docker pull centos/mysql-57-centos7Using default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from centos/mysql-57-centos7d8d02d457314: Pull completea11069b6e245: Pull complete596303fb1aa3: Pull completea29499e779a7: Pull complete17d1a52c2e00: Pull completeed24591227fe: Pull completede0ad46e3ed9: Pull completec62e4a984a9c: Pull complete01d54c6bda68: Pull completeDigest: sha256:e08ee4d43b7356607685b69bde6335e27cf20c020f345b6c6c59400183882764Status: Downloaded newer image for centos/mysql-57-centos7:latestdocker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7:latest

运行mysql5.7的docker

docker run -di --name=mysql5.7  -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Admin@123 centos/mysql-57-centos7

不进入容器,在本地或其他机器上登录mysql5.7

[root@c7_2 local]# /usr/local/mysql5.7/bin/mysql -uroot -p'Admin@123' -P3307 -h 192.168.28.129mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 11Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
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