在本篇文章中,我们将会讨论一下java中wait()和sleep()方法的区别。并讨论一下怎么使用这两个方法。
Wait和sleep的区别
wait() 是Object中定义的native方法:
public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;
所以每一个类的实例都可以调用这个方法。wait()只能在synchronized block中调用。它会释放synchronized时加在object上的锁。
sleep()是定义Thread中的native静态类方法:
public static native void sleep(long millis) throws InterruptedException;
所以Thread.sleep()可以在任何情况下调用。Thread.sleep()将会暂停当前线程,并且不会释放任何锁资源。
我们先看一下一个简单的wait使用:
@Slf4j
public class WaitUsage {
private static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void WaitExample() throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (LOCK) {
LOCK.wait(1000);
log.info("Object '" + LOCK + "' is woken after" +
" waiting for 1 second");
}
}
}
再看一下sleep的使用:
@Slf4j
public class SleepUsage {
public static void sleepExample() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(1000);
log.info(
"Thread '" + Thread.currentThread().getName() +
"' is woken after sleeping for 1 second");
}
}
唤醒wait和sleep
sleep()方法自带sleep时间,时间过后,Thread会自动被唤醒。
或者可以通过调用interrupt()方法来中断。
相比而言wait的唤醒会比较复杂,我们需要调用notify() 和 notifyAll()方法来唤醒等待在特定wait object上的线程。
notify()会根据线程调度的机制选择一个线程来唤醒,而notifyAll()会唤醒所有等待的线程,由这些线程重新争夺资源锁。
wait,notity通常用在生产者和消费者情形,我们看下怎么使用:
@Slf4j
public class WaitNotifyUsage {
private int count =0;
public void produceMessage() throws InterruptedException {
while(true) {
synchronized (this) {
while (count == 5) {
log.info("count == 5 , wait ....");
wait();
}
count++;
log.info("produce count {}", count);
notify();
}
}
}
public void consumeMessage() throws InterruptedException {
while (true) {
synchronized (this) {
while (count == 0) {
log.info("count == 0, wait ...");
wait();
}
log.info("consume count {}", count);
count--;
notify();
}
}
}
}
看下怎么调用:
@Test
public void testWaitNotifyUsage() throws InterruptedException{
WaitNotifyUsage waitNotifyUsage=new WaitNotifyUsage();
ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
executorService.submit(()-> {
try {
waitNotifyUsage.produceMessage();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
executorService.submit(()-> {
try {
waitNotifyUsage.consumeMessage();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
Thread.sleep(50000);
}
本文的例子可以参考https://github.com/ddean2009/learn-java-concurrency/tree/master/wait-sleep
更多教程请参考 flydean的博客