前面介绍了，如果加个format=JOSN会把数据以json的格式返回，如果想看查询的额外信息，还可以在explain之后加个show warning查看，其中如果code为1003，则代表message里的内容是mysql优化器优化之后的sql。
对于mysql5.6之前的版本说，mysql像黑盒子，只能通过explain语句查看后优化器决定使用的执行计划，却无法知道他做什么决定。在mysql5.6之后，mysql设计为我们贴心的加了optimizer trance，这个功能方便我们执行优化器的过程，这个功能的开启和关闭由系统变量optimizer_trance决定。
mysql> show variables like 'optimizer_trace';
+-----------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+--------------------------+
| optimizer_trace | enabled=off,one_line=off |
+-----------------+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)这里可以看到系统变量默认是关闭的， 如果开启需要改成on。这里one_line表示在一行展示，我们默认就关闭，不然不方便我们观看。
mysql> SET optimizer_trace="enabled=on";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)当我们设置为on的时候，则会打开，当我们输入我们想看的sql语句查询之后，就可以看information_schema数据库下的optimizer_trace表中查看完整优化过程。
当我们查看之后，可以看到四个部分：
Query：表示我们的查询语句。
trace：表示优化过程的JSON格式文本。
MISSING_BUTES_BEYOND_MAX_MEM_SIZE：由于优化过程可能输出很多，如果超过某个限制，多余文本将不会被显示，展示被忽略的文本字段。
INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGS：表示是否没有权限查看优化过程，默认是0，只有某些特殊情况才是1。
SET optimizer_trace="enabled=on";
SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE
key1 > 'z' AND
key2 < 1000000 AND
key3 IN ('a', 'b', 'c') AND
common_field = 'abc';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.OPTIMIZER_TRACE\G
之后就可以看到显示：
*************************** 1. row ***************************
# 分析的查询语句是什么
QUERY: SELECT * FROM s1 WHERE
key1 > 'z' AND
key2 < 1000000 AND
key3 IN ('a', 'b', 'c') AND
common_field = 'abc'
# 优化的具体过程
TRACE: {
"steps": [
{
"join_preparation": { # prepare阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
{
"IN_uses_bisection": true
},
{
"expanded_query": "/* select#1 */ select `s1`.`id` AS `id`,`s1`.`key1` AS `key1`,`s1`.`key2` AS `key2`,`s1`.`key3` AS `key3`,`s1`.`key_part1` AS `key_part1`,`s1`.`key_part2` AS `key_part2`,`s1`.`key_part3` AS `key_part3`,`s1`.`common_field` AS `common_field` from `s1` where ((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
}
] /* steps */
} /* join_preparation */
},
{
"join_optimization": { # optimize阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
{
"condition_processing": { # 处理搜索条件
"condition": "WHERE",
# 原始搜索条件
"original_condition": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))",
"steps": [
{
# 等值传递转换
"transformation": "equality_propagation",
"resulting_condition": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
},
{
# 常量传递转换
"transformation": "constant_propagation",
"resulting_condition": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
},
{
# 去除没用的条件
"transformation": "trivial_condition_removal",
"resulting_condition": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
}
] /* steps */
} /* condition_processing */
},
{
# 替换虚拟生成列
"substitute_generated_columns": {
} /* substitute_generated_columns */
},
{
# 表的依赖信息
"table_dependencies": [
{
"table": "`s1`",
"row_may_be_null": false,
"map_bit": 0,
"depends_on_map_bits": [
] /* depends_on_map_bits */
}
] /* table_dependencies */
},
{
"ref_optimizer_key_uses": [
] /* ref_optimizer_key_uses */
},
{
# 预估不同单表访问方法的访问成本
"rows_estimation": [
{
"table": "`s1`",
"range_analysis": {
"table_scan": { # 全表扫描的行数以及成本
"rows": 9688,
"cost": 2036.7
} /* table_scan */,
# 分析可能使用的索引
"potential_range_indexes": [
{
"index": "PRIMARY", # 主键不可用
"usable": false,
"cause": "not_applicable"
},
{
"index": "idx_key2", # idx_key2可能被使用
"usable": true,
"key_parts": [
"key2"
] /* key_parts */
},
{
"index": "idx_key1", # idx_key1可能被使用
"usable": true,
"key_parts": [
"key1",
"id"
] /* key_parts */
},
{
"index": "idx_key3", # idx_key3可能被使用
"usable": true,
"key_parts": [
"key3",
"id"
] /* key_parts */
},
{
"index": "idx_key_part", # idx_keypart不可用
"usable": false,
"cause": "not_applicable"
}
] /* potential_range_indexes */,
"setup_range_conditions": [
] /* setup_range_conditions */,
"group_index_range": {
"chosen": false,
"cause": "not_group_by_or_distinct"
} /* group_index_range */,
# 分析各种可能使用的索引的成本
"analyzing_range_alternatives": {
"range_scan_alternatives": [
{
# 使用idx_key2的成本分析
"index": "idx_key2",
# 使用idx_key2的范围区间
"ranges": [
"NULL < key2 < 1000000"
] /* ranges */,
"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, # 是否使用index dive
"rowid_ordered": false, # 使用该索引获取的记录是否按照主键排序
"using_mrr": false, # 是否使用mrr
"index_only": false, # 是否是索引覆盖访问
"rows": 12, # 使用该索引获取的记录条数
"cost": 15.41, # 使用该索引的成本
"chosen": true # 是否选择该索引
},
{
# 使用idx_key1的成本分析
"index": "idx_key1",
# 使用idx_key1的范围区间
"ranges": [
"z < key1"
] /* ranges */,
"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, # 同上
"rowid_ordered": false, # 同上
"using_mrr": false, # 同上
"index_only": false, # 同上
"rows": 266, # 同上
"cost": 320.21, # 同上
"chosen": false, # 同上
"cause": "cost" # 因为成本太大所以不选择该索引
},
{
# 使用idx_key3的成本分析
"index": "idx_key3",
# 使用idx_key3的范围区间
"ranges": [
"a <= key3 <= a",
"b <= key3 <= b",
"c <= key3 <= c"
] /* ranges */,
"index_dives_for_eq_ranges": true, # 同上
"rowid_ordered": false, # 同上
"using_mrr": false, # 同上
"index_only": false, # 同上
"rows": 21, # 同上
"cost": 28.21, # 同上
"chosen": false, # 同上
"cause": "cost" # 同上
}
] /* range_scan_alternatives */,
# 分析使用索引合并的成本
"analyzing_roworder_intersect": {
"usable": false,
"cause": "too_few_roworder_scans"
} /* analyzing_roworder_intersect */
} /* analyzing_range_alternatives */,
# 对于上述单表查询s1优的访问方法
"chosen_range_access_summary": {
"range_access_plan": {
"type": "range_scan",
"index": "idx_key2",
"rows": 12,
"ranges": [
"NULL < key2 < 1000000"
] /* ranges */
} /* range_access_plan */,
"rows_for_plan": 12,
"cost_for_plan": 15.41,
"chosen": true
} /* chosen_range_access_summary */
} /* range_analysis */
}
] /* rows_estimation */
},
{
# 分析各种可能的执行计划
#（对多表查询这可能有很多种不同的方案，单表查询的方案上边已经分析过了，直接选取idx_key2就好）
"considered_execution_plans": [
{
"plan_prefix": [
] /* plan_prefix */,
"table": "`s1`",
"best_access_path": {
"considered_access_paths": [
{
"rows_to_scan": 12,
"access_type": "range",
"range_details": {
"used_index": "idx_key2"
} /* range_details */,
"resulting_rows": 12,
"cost": 17.81,
"chosen": true
}
] /* considered_access_paths */
} /* best_access_path */,
"condition_filtering_pct": 100,
"rows_for_plan": 12,
"cost_for_plan": 17.81,
"chosen": true
}
] /* considered_execution_plans */
},
{
# 尝试给查询添加一些其他的查询条件
"attaching_conditions_to_tables": {
"original_condition": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))",
"attached_conditions_computation": [
] /* attached_conditions_computation */,
"attached_conditions_summary": [
{
"table": "`s1`",
"attached": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key2` < 1000000) and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
}
] /* attached_conditions_summary */
} /* attaching_conditions_to_tables */
},
{
# 再稍稍的改进一下执行计划
"refine_plan": [
{
"table": "`s1`",
"pushed_index_condition": "(`s1`.`key2` < 1000000)",
"table_condition_attached": "((`s1`.`key1` > 'z') and (`s1`.`key3` in ('a','b','c')) and (`s1`.`common_field` = 'abc'))"
}
] /* refine_plan */
}
] /* steps */
} /* join_optimization */
},
{
"join_execution": { # execute阶段
"select#": 1,
"steps": [
] /* steps */
} /* join_execution */
}
] /* steps */
}
# 因优化过程文本太多而丢弃的文本字节大小，值为0时表示并没有丢弃
MISSING_BYTES_BEYOND_MAX_MEM_SIZE: 0
# 权限字段
INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGES: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)优化器追踪主要有三个部分，prepare部分，optimize阶段，execute阶段，看名字都知道，我们要着重看optimize阶段。
文章来源：知乎平台 原文地址：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/416102745
