In Linux every single file is associated with timestamps, and every file stores the information of last access time, last modification time and last change time. So, whenever we create new file, access or modify an existing file, the timestamps of that file automatically updated.
In this article we will cover some useful practical examples of Linux touch command. Thetouch command is a standard program for Unix/Linux operating systems, that is used to create, change and modify timestamps of a file. Before heading up for touch command examples, please check out the following options.
Touch Command Options
- -a, change the access time only
- -c, if the file does not exist, do not create it
- -d, update the access and modification times
- -m, change the modification time only
- -r, use the access and modification times of file
- -t, creates a file using a specified time
1. How to Create an Empty File
The following touch command creates an empty (zero byte) new file called sheena.
# touch sheena
2. How to Create Multiple Files
By using touch command, you can also create more than one single file. For example the following command will create 3 files named, sheena, meena and leena.
# touch sheena meena leena
3. Change File’s Access Time using -a
We can change the access time of a file using -a option. By default it will take the current system time and update the atime field.
Before touch command is executed:
$ stat tgs.txt File: `tgs.txt' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Access: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530 Modify: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530 Change: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530
$ touch -a tgs.txt
After the above touch command (Please note that the access time is changed):
$ stat tgs.txt File: `tgs.txt' Size: 0 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Access: 2012-10-19 00:08:23.559514525 +0530 Modify: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530 Change: 2012-10-19 00:08:23.559514525 +0530
4. How to Avoid Creating New File
Using -c option with touch command avoids creating new files. For example the following command will not create a file called leena if it does not exists.
# touch -c leena
5. How to Change File Modification Time
If you like to change the only modification time of a file called leena, then use the -moption with touch command. Please note it will only updates the last modification times (not the access times) of the file.
# touch -m leena
6. Explicitly Setting Access and Modification time using -t and -d
Instead of taking the current time-stamp, you can explicitly specify the time using -t and -d options.
The format for specifying -t is [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
$ touch -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]
The following explains the above format:
- CC – Specifies the first two digits of the year
- YY – Specifies the last two digits of the year. If the value of the YY is between 70 and 99, the value of the CC digits is assumed to be 19. If the value of the YY is between 00 and 37, the value of the CC digits is assumed to be 20. It is not possible to set the date beyond January 18, 2038.
- MM – Specifies the month
- DD – Specifies the date
- hh – Specifies the hour
- mm – Specifies the minute
- SS – Specifies the seconds
For example:
$ touch -a -m -t 203801181205.09 tgs.txt
Verify the above change using stat command:
$ stat tgs.txt File: `tgs.txt' Size: 3 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283 Links: 1 Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan) Access: 2038-01-18 12:05:09.000000000 +0530 Modify: 2038-01-18 12:05:09.000000000 +0530 Change: 2012-10-19 00:40:58.763514502 +0530
You can also use a string to change the time
Another example:
$ touch -d "2012-10-19 12:12:12.000000000 +0530" tgs.txt
For developers, touch command will be really helpful when you are working with Makefiles
7. How to Use the time stamp of another File
The following touch command with -r option, will update the time-stamp of file leena with the time-stamp of meena file. So, both the file holds the same time stamp.
# touch -r leena meena
8. Create a File using a specified time
If you would like to create a file with specified time other than the current time, then the format should be.
# touch -t YYMMDDHHMM.SS tecmint
For example the below command touch command with -t option will gives the tecmint file a time stamp of 18:30:55 p.m. on December 10, 2012.
# touch -t 201212101830.55 tecmint
9. 批量创建文件
#!/bin/bash
#create file in batch for name in {1..10}.txt do touch $name done
We’ve almost covered all the options available in the touch command for more options use “man touch“. If we’ve still missed any options and you would like to include in this list, please update us via comment box.
reference :
http://www.tecmint.com/8-pratical-examples-of-linux-touch-command/
http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/11/linux-touch-command/
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